Pokémon card bots and scalping, explained

A retail bot is software that places orders faster than a person can. Resellers point it, along with ordinary bulk buying in stores, at products that sell on the secondary market for well above their shelf price, and since 2020 Pokémon cards have often been that product. Retailers have answered with queues, purchase limits and canceled orders. None of it has ended the problem.

As of September 2026, no US federal law specifically targets automated buying of retail goods. The BOTS Act of 2016 covers event tickets only, and a bill that would extend similar rules to online stores has not moved since it was referred to committee in December 2025. What closes the gap is supply: reprints and time. For an ordinary buyer, patience, official channels and a clear idea of what a product is worth do more than any shortcut sold by a stranger.

What bots and bulk resellers do, in general terms

Automated checkout means that software, not a person, loads a product page and completes the purchase, often many times over, in the seconds after stock appears. This guide goes no further than that, on purpose. The store-shelf version needs no software: someone buys everything on the pegs as soon as it is stocked.

Both serve the same business: buy at retail, sell at the secondary price, keep the difference. We found no reliable public figure for the share of any release that goes to automated buyers.

Reselling something you bought is generally legal in the United States, and neither the ticket law nor the proposed retail bill described below bans resale as such. A collector selling a spare Elite Trainer Box is not the problem. The complaint is about automated or organized bulk buying that empties a release before ordinary customers get a turn, in breach of limits the retailer set.

Why Pokémon cards became a target

Demand first jumped during the pandemic. eBay's State of Trading Cards report, published in February 2021, said US trading card sales on its platform grew 142 percent in 2020, and that sales of collectible card games like Pokémon rose by more than 500 percent. In May 2021, NBC News reported, Target temporarily stopped selling Pokémon and sports cards in its stores, citing the safety of guests and staff, after a customer was assaulted in a store parking lot in a dispute over trading cards.

The Pokémon Company's corporate figures, as reported by PokeGuardian in May 2026, imply production of about 3.7 billion cards in the year to March 2021 and roughly 10 billion in the year to March 2026.

Demand kept pace. In March 2025 The Pokémon Company International said "very high demand" was affecting availability. In September 2026 Kotaku reported that what appeared to be thousands of 30th Celebration orders had been canceled before release. A product that is small, easy to ship and, in a shortage, worth more on the secondary market than on the shelf is an obvious target.

What the Pokémon Center has done

• Virtual queue and purchase limits. Screen Rant reported in February 2025 that a waiting line had appeared on the US site during a restock, soon after the troubled launch of Prismatic Evolutions, and that Japan had used a similar queue for years. It also noted per person purchase limits on the site. The company's March 27, 2025 statement on product availability confirms a virtual queue for certain products when site traffic is high.
• Early Access. Under the Pokémon Center Early Access FAQ, updated July 21, 2026, selected newsletter subscribers in the US, Canada and the UK are invited to buy popular items before the wider release. The criteria are not published. The buyer must sign in with the invited email address, and the link is single use and not transferable. Extra sign-ups do not improve the odds and can void an invitation, which never guarantees stock.
• Order cancellations. Kotaku reported on September 8, 2026, from users' posts on X and Reddit, that the Pokémon Center appeared to have canceled thousands of orders for the 30th Celebration set ahead of its September 16 release, though it said the number could not be counted. The company gave no public explanation, and some customers who said they had queued for hours and used no software lost their orders too.

In April 2025 Screen Rant reported claims, based on screenshots shared on social media, that automated buyers were getting past the queue while people waited in it. The company did not confirm them. We could not read the Pokémon Center store's own terms page, so we do not describe it. The terms of use for pokemon.com and its account system, last updated June 15, 2023, prohibit unauthorized bots and scripts that automate the service.

What other retailers have announced

Walmart. Kotaku reported on November 4, 2025 that from the next day Walmart would limit customers to five trading card packages per visit, apparently for all trading cards. According to Kotaku, the company's internal announcement called it an effort to stop reselling and cope with unprecedented demand. As of September 28, 2026, we found no public Walmart page that states the limit.

Target. Target's terms and conditions, last updated September 10, 2026, prohibit using robots, spiders and similar automated tools to navigate the site. They reserve the right to refuse sales to resellers, meaning anyone who buys goods to sell and not to use, and they let Target limit quantities by account, payment method or address. That is the pattern in the terms we read: automated purchasing breaks the store's rules, and the store's remedy is to cancel the order or bar the account.

Best Buy and GameStop have published per-person launch limits, recorded with their dates in our stores guide. Check the shelf sign or the product page, because limits change.

What The Pokémon Company has said

Its clearest public statement is the one from March 27, 2025. It acknowledges that high demand was making some products hard to buy, says the affected products are being printed as quickly as possible and at maximum capacity, and promises continued reprints and maximized production of future expansions. On the store side it says it uses technology meant to get products to fans first. The statement never uses the words scalper, reseller or bot.

Official statements from Japan in 2026 add to it. On June 8, 2026, The Pokémon Company's Japanese card game site said that Pokémon Center Online, the official Pokémon online shop in Japan, planned to use identity checks with My Number Cards, Japan's government-issued ID card, in its lottery sales of four 30th Celebration products, with most winning places set aside for customers who had been verified. Customers without the check could still enter. That notice gives the aim as a fair chance for every customer and does not mention bots or resale. At Nintendo's shareholders' meeting on June 26, 2026, Nintendo's president, Shuntaro Furukawa, said Nintendo was aware of limited-quantity cards being bought in large volume and resold at high prices. He said The Pokémon Company, an equity-method subsidiary of Nintendo, was taking measures including made-to-order sales and agreements with marketplace operators, and that he understood it planned to use My Number Card account verification for online priority drawings for certain products. A notice on the Japanese card game site dated August 3, 2026 said the My Number Card check had been introduced that day for Pokémon Card Game Players Club accounts, and that verified accounts would be used for priority lottery sales of some products on Pokémon Center Online.

The legal picture in the United States

The law people usually cite does not apply. The BOTS Act of 2016, enforced by the Federal Trade Commission, makes it illegal to circumvent the security or access controls of an online ticket seller, and to sell tickets the seller knew or should have known were obtained that way. It covers concerts, theater, sports and similar events at venues with more than 200 seats, and says nothing about retail goods.

A bill to extend the idea exists. The Stopping Grinch Bots Act of 2025 was introduced in the Senate on December 17, 2025, with an identical bill in the House. Its official summary says it would make it unlawful to use tools such as bots to get around the measures an online store uses to enforce posted purchase limits or manage inventory. It would also prohibit selling products obtained that way, with enforcement by the FTC and state attorneys general.

As of September 18, 2026, Congress.gov lists its status as introduced. Both versions were referred to committee on the day they were filed, and neither has had a vote. An earlier version was reintroduced in December 2023 and did not become law. As of September 28, 2026, the official bill status records published on GovInfo show no action on the Senate bill, S.3516, or the House bill, H.R.6822, since their referral to committee on December 17, 2025, and neither lists a cosponsor.

State law is a different picture. An earlier version of this page said we had not researched state laws. As of September 28, 2026, we have found one state law in force and one state bill pending. Texas Senate Bill 58 added chapter 328 to the Texas Business and Commerce Code with effect from September 1, 2023, and a 2025 code revision renumbered it chapter 329 from September 1, 2025. It says that, for commercial purposes, a person may not sell or use software in the sale of goods on a website that, among other things, lets a buyer exceed the per-purchaser limit the seller states on the site, or that circumvents a security measure, access control or other control in the purchasing process. It does not apply to the store itself, and the Texas attorney general can sue for an injunction and recover costs. In New York, Senate bill S5419 would prohibit using automated purchasing software to buy large quantities of goods for resale. It was last referred to the Senate's Internet and Technology Committee on January 7, 2026 and, as of September 28, 2026, has not left committee. We did not survey the other states.

Marketplace rules do not fill the gap. eBay's price gouging policy, as of September 2026, applies to essential items and bans inflating prices in response to an emergency or disaster. It does not mention collectibles or trading cards, so a sealed box listed far above retail does not break it.

Why the gap attracts resellers, and what closes it

Take a hypothetical product that costs $50 at retail and sells for $90 on eBay. As of September 2026 eBay's fee on trading cards is roughly 13.25 percent plus $0.30, about $12 here. Assume $8 for shipping. The seller keeps about $70, roughly $20 over cost before sales tax. Multiply that by every unit a purchase limit failed to stop and the motive is plain.

Then drop the resale price to $65. Fees take about $9, shipping is the same $8, and the seller keeps about $48, less than the product cost. In this example the business stops paying at roughly a third over retail.

That is why supply is the real countermeasure. Each reprint wave pushes the secondary price toward the shelf price, and once the gap is smaller than fees and shipping there is nothing left to automate. TCGplayer's price columns from summer 2026 show it. In August a Destined Rivals chase card had fallen about $9 in a month to around $36, which the author attributed to a massive wave of Elite Trainer Box reprints. The July column summed it up: supply was finally overtaking demand on hyped cards that were still being printed. Our guide to what makes card prices go up or down goes deeper.

What the cards inside are worth

The sealed EV board compares each product's market price with the expected value of the cards inside, using published pull rates and daily TCGplayer prices, and the method is public.

As of mid-September 2026 the Ascended Heroes Elite Trainer Box has a market price near $145 and an expected card value of about $46, or 32 cents on the dollar. Across the board a typical booster box holds roughly 30 to 35 cents of raw card value per dollar of sealed price, a booster bundle a little under 30 cents, and an Elite Trainer Box about 15 to 20 cents. A ratio near 1.0 is rare.

So a reseller's markup is a premium on top of a product whose cards already hold a fraction of its price. Sealed product is entertainment with a resale value, and the EV figure shows how much of the asking price is entertainment.

What actually works for an ordinary buyer

• Subscribe to the Pokémon Center newsletter once, with the email address you shop with, because Early Access invitations go to subscribers. If invited, the FAQ recommends one device and one browser.
• Keep the payment card on a preorder valid until it ships. The Pokémon Center's support page lists a changed card among the most common reasons an order is canceled.
• Shop where limits are enforced. Work through how to buy Pokémon cards at MSRP and where to buy Pokémon cards in stores, and check upcoming releases so a launch date does not catch you out.
• Reprints. The company said in writing in March 2025 that it would keep reprinting affected products, though it named none and gave no dates. Not every product returns to retail.
• Before paying above retail, open the product's page on this site. It shows the TCGplayer market price, its history and, unless that market is under $5, more than 10 percent above TCGplayer's highest listing or more than 25 percent above TCGplayer's middle listing, the price 12 percent below market, with two eBay search buttons (affiliate links), the first capped at that price. If that search is empty, nothing is listed below market right now, and eBay's own "Save this search" will email you new matches.
• Particular cards are sold as singles, and a card's page here shows its TCGplayer market price.

What does not help

Paying strangers for alerts or "cook group" memberships. Cook group is the hobby's name for a paid reseller group. We found no good source that describes what a paying member gets or measures whether it helps, so this is our judgment, not a finding. The official routes, the newsletter and Early Access, are free. Anything sold as a way around a queue or a purchase limit asks you to break the retailer's terms, which is grounds for a canceled order or a barred account. Under federal law, circumventing a store's online controls on posted limits would become unlawful if the bill in Congress passed. In Texas, selling or using software for commercial purposes to buy past a posted limit or get around purchase controls has been prohibited since September 1, 2023. An earlier version of this page said only that such circumvention would become unlawful if the bill in Congress passed, which missed that Texas already prohibits it when it is done for commercial purposes.

Buying from aisle resellers. Collectors report people who clear a shelf and then offer the product to other shoppers in the aisle or the parking lot at a markup. This is hobby report, not measured fact, but the practical problems are clear: no receipt, no return, a price above the shelf tag, and a product that has left the retail chain, where tampering risk begins. See how to spot resealed product.

Panic buying at release. TCGplayer's columns show a Pitch Black card that lost about 40 percent in the month after the set's July 2026 release, and a Chaos Rising card that could not hold its June prices above $40 two months after release. Those are singles, but the same August column said sealed restocks were holding down prices across several sets.

Bottom line

Bots and bulk buyers go where the gap between shelf price and secondary price is widest, and Pokémon cards have offered that gap repeatedly since 2020. Stores fight back with queues, limits, invitations and cancellations, imperfectly. As of September 2026 the one federal bot law covers tickets only, and the retail bill in Congress has not advanced. Reselling itself is generally legal. What closes the gap is printing and time. Official channels are free, the cards inside hold a fraction of the sealed price, a paid way around a queue or a limit breaks the retailer's terms, aisle and parking lot sales come with no receipt, and reprints have followed past shortages.